Individual shingle and roofing formed therewith



Jan. 6, 1959 L. B. ASHBAUGH 2,867,181

INDIVIDUAL SHINGLE AND ROOFING FORMED THEREWITH Filed Nov. 30. 1955 LEW/s B. ASHEA 06w,

IN V EN TOR.

MAW/.052, MArrr/ve4y 84660676,

,41- mezverys:

INDIVIDUAL SHINGLE AND ROOFING FORMED THEREWITH Lewis B. Ashbaugh, Compton, Calif., assignor to Paul Sutro, in trust Application November 30, 1953, Serial No. 394,999

1 Claim. (Cl. 108-17) The present invention relates generally to the field of roofing, and more particularly to a metallic shingle, and a roof formed of same.

For many years it has been realized by experts in the roofing field that metal shingles have many advantages over the wooden type, or those fabricated from other roofing materials, for metal shingles are more durable, fireproof, and require a minimum of maintenance attention.

In order for metallic shingles to successfully compete with wooden or other type shingles, as well as the ashestos, tile, or cement and slate roofings, they must meet severe requirements, particularly when used for residential roofings. Not only must a metal shingle roofing be attractive in appearance when installed on a home, but it must be structurally designed so as to be readily aflixed to the roof deck by a roofer having a minimum of instruction, yet be simple and rugged in construction whereby it may have a long and useful life, and may be retailed in a price range to compare favorably to other forms of roofing in order to create a market demand therefor over roofing formerly available.

The principal reasons for the limited commercial success met with by previously available metal shingle roofings resides in the fact that at most, each type met but one of the above mentioned requirements, or were of such design as to be rejected by the practical roofing man because of the ditficulties encountered in installation.

The applicant has devised a metal shingle roofing which not only meets the severe requirements previously mentioned, but which provides numerous other advantages heretofore unattainable by means of any other type of commercially available roofing. As a result applicant has evolved a metal shingle which will provide an integral roofing having the following advantages over those previously available: (a) has insulating qualities throughout year; ([2) is watertight, weatherproof and fireproof; (c) is lightweight and interlocks with adjacent shingles to allow for expansion and contraction thereof; (d) completely eliminates noise due to vibration of singles; and (e) resists deterioration.

The major object of the present invention is to provide a metal shinglesubstantially as an integral unit that can be applied to a roof deck by an ordinary roofer by means of the same equipment and same methods used in installing other singles, whereby a roof of attractive and distinctive appearance will be provided.

Another object of the invention is to supply a substantially rectangular metal shingle adapted to be laid diagonally relative to the ridge and eaves of the roof, whereby the outline of the exposed shingle portion is clearly defined by shadow areas or shadow lines as such areas are usually referred to in the roofing trade.

A further object of the invention is to furnish a shingle that may be fabricated from coiled sheet metal such as aluminum, magnesium, copper or an alloy thereof, or nonmetallic materials such as various of the synthetic plastics that are resistant to weathering action, which shingle ematent Mice tab and flange construction, with said vertical spacing per-' mitting circulation of air between the roof deck and shingles to substantially eliminate condensation of moisture therebetween.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a shingle which may be directly affixed to a wooden roof deck by nails which pass through elongate openings formed therein, said shingle when so affixed permittingv expansion and contraction of the roof deck due to changes in the moisture content of the wood without such variations in the roof deck in any way disturbing the waterproof connections between adjoining shingles or causing said shingles to separate or buckle.

Another object of the invention is to furnish a shingle roofing wherein the securing nails therefor are completely covered by overlapping portions of adjoining shingles.

A yet further object of the invention is to supply a metal shingle which will provide a moderately priced roof in that the necessity for utilizing a felt roofing between the shingles and roof deck is eliminated, and the shinglm are of such design that a greater roof area may be covered by the individual shingle than heretofore attained.

A still further object of the invention is to supply shingles which may be directly overlaid upon old roofs,-

are self-spacing, and very simple and easy to mount, and provide an attractive, smooth and secure roofing.

These and other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred form thereof, and from the drawing illustrating that form in which:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a roof fabricated from shingles of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a top plan view of-one shingle showing the raised ribs thereof and the elongate openings provided for movably afiixing the shingle to a roof deck;

Figure 3 is a top plan view of the invention when mounted on a roof deck, showing the manner in which a movable interlock is achieved with adjoining shingles;

Figure 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of one shingle taken on line 44 of Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a second vertical cross-sectional view of the invention taken on line 5-5 of Figure 3; and

Figure 6 is a plan view of a half shingle mounted on the eaves of a roof,

Referring now to the drawing for the general arrangement of the invention, it will be seen that a plurality of shingles S, as shown in detail in Figures 2, 4, and 5, may be directly affixed to a roof deck D in an interlocking configuration, (see Figures '1 and 2) to provide a roof R.

Each shingle S is preferably fabricated from a rectangular sheet'10 of aluminum, magnesium, or an alloy thereof, that is not only light in weight, but is not adversely affected when exposed for a prolonged period of time to the weather. Aluminum has been found to be particularly well adapted for this purpose in that it may be easily worked in the fabrication of sheet 10 to provide the shingle structure hereinafter described in detail, and after exposure to the atmosphere it assumes a thin film of an oxide or other reaction products which will protect the metal from any appreciable action by the weather.

For ease in describing the structural features of shingle S, the four edges of sheet are identified by numerals 11; 12, 13 and 14; In Figures 1, 2, 4, and 5, it will be seen that two longitudinally extending raised ribs 15 and.16 that meetat an.apex point 17 are pressed or other-.

wise formedinsh'eet 10. Rib 15i's spaced inwardlyfro'm' edgexll, and rib 16 is likewise spaced inwardly from edge a nail21" that'passes therethrough"(.Figure4'); The'he'a'd 22" of nail 21 is disposed adjacent to the upper surface of area 18 or 18'inwhich opening 20 or. 20' isforrned, but is so positioned above the surface. as 'to 'permitimovement of sheet 10 relative to the' nails. Free-movement of' l sheetldrelative; to nails 21 is highly desirable in'order that thesheet may, expand'oi contract with'thetemperatures to' which it is subjected withoutstress orstrain." It will be particularly noted that the openings 20 and 20, as well as nails 21'passing therethrough; are completely sealed'from'the weather by overlapping'portions of adjoining shingles S.

jOne of the'steps required in forming sheet 10-into a shingle S is that; of' bending a triangularly shaped segment 24 adjacent'an apex 2 3 upwardly and under -the sheet. The segment is bentsoastobe separated from the underside of "the sheetby a space 25 to provide a tab' T,f.as may best be seen in Figure 5. Space 25is such as topermit tab T anda portion of-sheet 10 situatedthereabove to slidably' and'pivota-lly engage corner; or apex portions of adjoining shingles S as shown in Figure 3. Segment 24 and sheet 10 are integrally connected bya web 27. Due to flanges F beingbent under sheet S,- portions of the segment 24 project outwardly beyond sides 13 and 14 as may bestbe seen-in'Fi'gures 2 and}. These projecting segment portions 24d assure a positive interlock withadjoining shingles asmay; be seen in Figure 3.-

The outer portions of edges 13 and 14- are bent inwardly and under sheet 10 to form two identical narrow flanges F which serve to grip the outer portions of ltwo strips 26 of felt, or'other resilient material which dampens that they aremerely the presently preferred embodiments tightly gripped between flanges F 'and sheet 10 that they r are compressed to substantially: one-half their normal thickness. When properly installed, the'inner edge of each-strip 26 abuts. against either rib 15 or 16 of that shingle which is overlapped, as may best be seen in Figure 3.

In this manner these resilient strips provide weather-tight interlocks which allow for limited movement of the shingle'to which they are affixed as the shingle expands or contracts" due totemperaturevariations.

Ribs 15 and 16 serve a dual function in that they not 3 only provide aIweather-tight seal in conjunction with strips 26, but maintain the overlapping shingle portions 1 at a sufiicient elevation to prevent binding on the nail heads 22 during expansion and contraction of the shingles. The outer edge portions of flanges F develop into an up wardly extending web 27 that is an integral part of a1.

downwardly tapered, longitudinally extending rectangular area 28, which areas serve as shadow areas in defining the exposed portion of each shingle S when mounted on a buildingt'o provide the roof R. a

Application of shingles S in forming a roof R is extremely simple. A row comprising alternately laid half shingles and full shingles, as shown in Figure 1, is extended over the roof deck adjacent the eaves thereof and I the roof deck, the strips 26 will abut ribs 15 and 16 of the first row of shingles; As mentioned hereinabove, the nails used in afiixing the shingles S to the roof deck R' are not driven downwardly so far thatthe lower surface of the heads 22 thereof will bind against the upper surface of' sheet 10. Due'to'the manne'r'in which the shingles interlock and are 'affixed to the roof deck D, a continuous water-proof roofingis'provided, but one in which each shingle formingsame is free to expand and con tract due to temperature variations without in any way disturbing the water tightness thereof. It should be noted that the strips 26 abut against the ribs 15 and 16 or adjoining, overlapping shingles S, and that the ribs likewise'con tact strips 26. of adjoining shingles that overlap. Thus," a continuous waterproof roof surface R is provided comprised of individually movable shingles S.

As described, it will be seen that the shingle S of .the

and could be formed of any material whether metallic or non-"metallic, having weatherresistant qualities, which is adapted to be shaped asdescribed and will not be so heavy as to be excessive when affixed to a supporting roof deck.

Although the shingle and roof formed from same has been found to fulfill the objects and provide the advantageshereinbefore' mentioned, it is to be understood of the invention, and that'there is-no intention to limit the invention to the details of construction herein shown and described other'than as defined'by the appended claim. 77 v g I claim fl I v A joint interposed-between first and second adjoining shingles comprising: an upstanding rib formed along an edge of said first shingle; an elongated resilient strip of I waterproof material; and a folded-under flange formed along the edgeof saidsecond shingle gripping aportion of the width of said strip withthe remaining portion of the width -ofsaid-strip being'unconfined and with said unconfined" portion of said strip abutting said rib.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS I v 1,570,516 Miller" Jan. 19; 1926' 2,050,162. Creighton. 'Aug. 4, 1936 2,133,363 Talrnage 'Oct.' 18; 1938 2,167,192 .1939

After this 

